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Child Abuse & Neglect

√ NY Agencies

Administration for Children's Services (ACS)

This is the main government agency in New York City that deals with child welfare and child protective services. ACS investigates allegations of child abuse and neglect, provides support services to families, and places children in foster care when necessary. Mayor’s Management Report

New York City Police Department (NYPD)

The NYPD investigates criminal cases of child abuse and neglect and works closely with ACS and other agencies to protect children and hold perpetrators accountable. Mayor’s Management Report

New York City Family Court

Family Court hears cases related to child abuse and neglect, including petitions for removal of a child from their home and requests for child protective services.

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH)

DOHMH provides support services to families and children affected by abuse and neglect, including mental health services, counseling, and medical care. Mayor’s Management Report

Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS)

This is a state agency that provides oversight and guidance to local child welfare agencies, including ACS. OCFS also provides training and resources to child welfare professionals and advocates for policies that support child safety and well-being.

New York City Department of Education (DOE)

DOE works closely with ACS and other agencies to ensure the safety and well-being of students. DOE staff are mandated reporters of suspected child abuse and neglect, and they receive training on how to identify and report signs of abuse or neglect. Mayor’s Management Report

√ Reports

The New York City Child Fatality Review Advisory Team Report

This report examines child fatalities in New York City and identifies areas for improvement in child welfare policies and practices. The report is released annually and includes recommendations for preventing future deaths.

The Administration for Children's Services (ACS) Annual Report

ACS releases an annual report that provides information on the number of child abuse and neglect cases investigated, as well as the agency’s efforts to support families and protect children. The report also includes data on the outcomes of investigations and the use of foster care and other services.

The New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS) Child Protective Services Report

This report provides data on child abuse and neglect cases in New York State, including information on the number of investigations, the types of abuse and neglect reported, and the outcomes of investigations. The report is released annually.

The Child Welfare Watch Reports

The Child Welfare Watch is a publication of the Center for New York City Affairs at The New School that provides in-depth analysis of child welfare issues in New York City. The reports cover a wide range of topics, including the use of foster care, child protective services, and the impact of policies on families and children.

The New York City Comptroller's Report on Child Protective Services

This report provides an assessment of the effectiveness of child protective services in New York City, including recommendations for improving policies and practices. The report examines the use of preventive services, the quality of investigations, and the outcomes for children and families.

Prevention Services: Family Experience Survey 2021

ACS conducts this annual survey to survey all families in contracted prevention programs about their experiences in prevention services. The purpose of the survey is to better understand the lived experiences of families while participating in prevention services.

The New York City Child Fatality Review Advisory Team Report

This report examines child fatalities in New York City and identifies areas for improvement in child welfare policies and practices. The report is released annually and includes recommendations for preventing future deaths.

The Administration for Children's Services (ACS) Annual Report

ACS releases an annual report that provides information on the number of child abuse and neglect cases investigated, as well as the agency’s efforts to support families and protect children. The report also includes data on the outcomes of investigations and the use of foster care and other services.

The New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS) Child Protective Services Report

This report provides data on child abuse and neglect cases in New York State, including information on the number of investigations, the types of abuse and neglect reported, and the outcomes of investigations. The report is released annually.

The Child Welfare Watch Reports

The Child Welfare Watch is a publication of the Center for New York City Affairs at The New School that provides in-depth analysis of child welfare issues in New York City. The reports cover a wide range of topics, including the use of foster care, child protective services, and the impact of policies on families and children.

The New York City Comptroller's Report on Child Protective Services

This report provides an assessment of the effectiveness of child protective services in New York City, including recommendations for improving policies and practices. The report examines the use of preventive services, the quality of investigations, and the outcomes for children and families.

Prevention Services: Family Experience Survey 2021
ACS conducts this annual survey to survey all families in contracted prevention programs about their experiences in prevention services. The purpose of the survey is to better understand the lived experiences of families while participating in prevention services.

√ Data sets

Administration for Children's Services (ACS) data

ACS collects and reports data on child welfare services in New York City, including reports of abuse and neglect, investigations, and services provided to families. This data is available through the ACS website.

New York City Open Data

The New York City government provides access to a wide range of data sets through its Open Data portal. This includes data on child welfare, such as the number of children in foster care, the use of preventive services, and the outcomes for children in the child welfare system.

Child Welfare Watch

The Center for New York City Affairs at The New School produces the Child Welfare Watch publication, which includes data and analysis on child welfare issues in New York City. This includes data on the use of foster care, preventive services, and other child welfare programs.

Child Fatality Reports

Child deaths in New York State that allegedly resulted from abuse or maltreatment are reported to the Statewide Central Register (SCR) of Child Abuse and Maltreatment and investigated by the local department of social services (LDSS). By law, certain reports are investigated in coordination with law enforcement. The New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS) is required by statute to conduct a review of each fatality investigation and issue a summary report within six months of the local investigation.

√ Data visualizations

Keeping Track Online

Children in Child Abuse and Neglect Investigations – CCC New York4: This data set provides information on children in child abuse and neglect investigations.

Data Brief: Child Welfare Investigations

Center for New York City Affairs. This brief provides data on child welfare investigations in New York City.

New York State Child Abuse and Maltreatment Register Annual Report

The New York State Office of Children and Family Services publishes an annual report on child abuse and neglect in the state, which includes data visualizations on the types of maltreatment, the age and gender of the child, and the relationship between the child and the alleged perpetrator.

Administration for Children's Services

Monthly Flash Indicators: This report provides graphs showing monthly trends in numerous child welfare, child care, and juvenile justice statistics, such as children using vouchers for childcare, child protective caseloads, and the number of admissions to detention.

Annual Community District Snapshots CY 2022: These reports provide community district child welfare, child care, and juvenile justice statistics.

Administration for Children and Families

The Children’s Bureau develops the annual Child Maltreatment reports, which include data provided by the states to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System.

√ STATISTICS

Abuse or neglect reports

2022

Child Fatality investigations

2021

Percent of investigations substantiated

%

FY 2023

Child abuse and neglect cases

According to the Administration for Children’s Services, there were 40,963 reports of child abuse and neglect in 2022. Neglect was the most common form of maltreatment.

ACF: National Cases

For FFY 2021, 51 states reported 588,229 victims of child abuse and neglect. This equates to a national rate of 8.1 victims per 1,000 children in the population. Estimating for missing data, there are 600,000 victims of maltreatment for FFY 2021.

Child abuse rate in the United States by Race

In 2021, the child abuse rate for children of Hispanic origin was at 7.7, indicating 7.7 out of every 1,000 Hispanic children in the U.S. suffered from some sort of abuse. This rate was highest among American Indian or Alaska Native children, with 15.2 children out of every 1,000 experiencing some form of abuse.

Young Children Most Vulnerable

Youngest children were most vulnerable. Children in the first year of their life are 15% of all victims, and more than a quarter (28%) of child maltreatment victims are no more than 2 years old. Girls had a victimization rate of 8.7 per 1,000 girls in the population, higher than boys at 7.5 per 1,000 boys

Preventative Services

In recent years, there has been a shift towards preventive services in New York City, which aim to support families and prevent the need for foster care. In FY 2023 ACS provided preventive services to 16,149 children.

Abuse or neglect reports

2022

Child Fatality investigations

2021

Percent of investigations substantiated

%

FY 2023

Child abuse and neglect cases

According to the Administration for Children’s Services, there were 40,963 reports of child abuse and neglect in 2022. Neglect was the most common form of maltreatment.

ACF: National Cases
For FFY 2021, 51 states reported 588,229 victims of child abuse and neglect. This equates to a
national rate of 8.1 victims per 1,000 children in the population. Estimating for missing data,
there are 600,000 victims of maltreatment for FFY 2021.
Child abuse rate in the United States by Race
In 2021, the child abuse rate for children of Hispanic origin was at 7.7, indicating 7.7 out of every 1,000 Hispanic children in the U.S. suffered from some sort of abuse. This rate was highest among American Indian or Alaska Native children, with 15.2 children out of every 1,000 experiencing some form of abuse.
Young Children Most Vulnerable
Youngest children were most vulnerable. Children in the first year of their life are 15% of all victims, and more than a quarter (28%) of child maltreatment victims are no more than 2 years old. Girls had a victimization rate of 8.7 per 1,000 girls in the population, higher than boys at 7.5 per 1,000 boys
Preventative Services
In recent years, there has been a shift towards preventive services in New York City, which aim to support families and prevent the need for foster care. In FY 2023 ACS provided preventive services to 16,149 children.

√ Census & American Community Survey

Poverty Status of Families
Children living in poverty are at higher risk for abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on poverty rates by age, race/ethnicity, and other demographic characteristics.
Education level of Parents
Parents with lower levels of education may be more likely to experience stressors that increase the risk of abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on educational attainment by age, race/ethnicity, and other demographic characteristics.
Housing
Crowded or unstable housing can be a risk factor for child abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on housing characteristics, including occupancy, tenure, and quality.
Language spoken at home
Parents who do not speak English as their first language may face additional challenges in accessing support and services to prevent abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on language spoken at home, including the ability to speak English.
Household composition
Children living in single-parent households or with non-related adults may be at higher risk for abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on household composition, including family and non-family households.
Poverty Status of Families
Children living in poverty are at higher risk for abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on poverty rates by age, race/ethnicity, and other demographic characteristics.
Education level of Parents
Parents with lower levels of education may be more likely to experience stressors that increase the risk of abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on educational attainment by age, race/ethnicity, and other demographic characteristics.
Housing
Crowded or unstable housing can be a risk factor for child abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on housing characteristics, including occupancy, tenure, and quality.
Language spoken at home
Parents who do not speak English as their first language may face additional challenges in accessing support and services to prevent abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on language spoken at home, including the ability to speak English.
Household composition
Children living in single-parent households or with non-related adults may be at higher risk for abuse and neglect. The Census and ACS collect data on household composition, including family and non-family households.

√ Non-Profits

New York Foundling

New York Foundling is a nonprofit organization that provides services to vulnerable children and families, including those affected by abuse and neglect. They offer foster care, adoption, and family support services, as well as mental health and educational services.

Citizen's Committee for Children

CCC advances well-being, equity, and justice for all of New York’s children through research, advocacy, and civic engagement.

Child Advocacy Center

Child Advocacy Centers are specialized facilities that provide a child-friendly, multidisciplinary approach to investigating and responding to allegations of child abuse and neglect. They bring together law enforcement, child welfare professionals, medical and mental health providers, and other stakeholders to coordinate a comprehensive response to child abuse cases.

Safe Horizon

Safe Horizon is a nonprofit organization that provides support and advocacy for survivors of child abuse and neglect, as well as domestic violence, sexual assault, and other crimes. They offer a range of services, including counseling, legal assistance, and emergency shelter.

Child Mind Institute

This non-profit organization provides mental health services to children and families, including those affected by abuse and neglect. They offer counseling, assessments, and other support services to help children cope with the effects of trauma.

New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NYSPCC)

NYSPCC is the first child protection agency in the world and works to prevent child abuse and neglect through education, advocacy, and direct services. They offer counseling, legal assistance, and other support services to children and families.

√ Experts

Mary Pulido

Mary Pulido is the Executive Director of the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NYSPCC), the first child protection agency in the world. She has extensive experience in the field of child welfare and has written and spoken extensively on issues related to child abuse and neglect.

Sharon E. Cooper - Pediatrician

Dr. Sharon Cooper is the Founder of the MACE Foundation and CEO of Developmental & Forensic Pediatrics, P.A., a consulting firm providing medical care, research, training and expert witness experience in child maltreatment cases as well as children with developmental disabilities.

Andrew White - The New School

Andrew White is the Deputy Commissioner for Policy and Planning, NYC Administration for Children’s Services. Previously he was the Executive Director of the Center for New York City Affairs at The New School, which produces the Child Welfare Watch publication. He has written and spoken extensively on child welfare issues in New York City, including the overreliance on foster care and the need for preventive services.

√ Journal Articles

"Association of Housing Stress With Child Maltreatment"

Poverty is an established risk factor for child maltreatment. However, recent research indicates that material hardship (i.e., difficulties meeting basic needs) may serve as a more direct measure of the way in which poverty affects daily life. One form of material hardship that is common among families is housing stress.

"On racial disparities in child abuse reports"

Research suggests children from non-White and Hispanic/Latinx communities are at higher risk for child maltreatment. This study identified in which states children from specific non-White communities were overrepresented in child protective services reports.

"Community Food Insecurity and Child Maltreatment Reports"

Current literature suggests that food insecurity increases child maltreatment risk. Yet, existing evidence is limited to individual-level associations among low-income, high-risk populations based on local, mostly urban data. This study aims to generalize prior findings to community-level associations in general populations, using national data including all urban-rural areas.

"The Association Between Child Abuse and Aggressive Behavior"
Child abuse is considered to be an essential factor in the development of aggressive behavior. The intensity of the positive relations between child abuse and aggressive behavior differed considerably among researches despite the fact that abundant studies have observed this relation.
"Parental Child Murder and Child Abuse in Anglo-American Legal System"

The sociological and historical approaches and literatures are synthesized to present the historical background of the treatment that child-abusing and child-killing parents are receiving in the legal system today. The roots of the formation of contemporary institutional responses to severe child abuse and child homicide are traced and latest developments are examined critically.

√ Key Issues

High caseloads and staff turnover
The Administration for Children’s Services (ACS) has struggled with high caseloads and staff turnover, which can lead to delayed investigations and services for families. This has been a longstanding issue that has been the subject of multiple investigations and reports.
Overreliance on foster care
New York City has historically relied heavily on foster care as a response to child abuse and neglect, which can lead to trauma and instability for children. There has been a push in recent years to shift towards preventive services and other interventions that can support families and prevent the need for foster care.
Racial and ethnic disparities
Children of color are overrepresented in the child welfare system, and there are significant disparities in the rates of investigations, removals, and placement in foster care. This has been a persistent issue that has been the subject of advocacy and reform efforts.
Lack of coordination and communication between agencies
Child welfare involves multiple agencies, including ACS, the Department of Education, and law enforcement. There have been concerns about a lack of coordination and communication between these agencies, which can lead to missed opportunities to support families and protect children.
Trauma-informed practices
There has been a growing recognition of the importance of trauma-informed practices in child welfare, which can help to prevent re-traumatization of children and families. There have been efforts to integrate trauma-informed practices into child welfare policies and practices in New York City.

√ Social Media Accounts

SafeHorizon

A non-profit organization that provides support and resources for survivors of child abuse and neglect in New York City. They share updates, resources, and stories on their Twitter account.

ACSNYC

The official Twitter account of New York City’s Administration for Children’s Services, which is responsible for protecting children from abuse and neglect. They share updates on policies, programs, and initiatives related to child welfare.

CCCNewYork

Citizens’ Committee for Children of New York. Know the facts. Share the facts. Be part of the solution. Every child healthy, housed, educated, and safe.

childwelfaregov

A Twitter account run by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Children’s Bureau, which provides information and resources related to child welfare at the federal level. They share news and resources related to child abuse and neglect prevention and intervention.

TheNYFoundling

Since 1869, The New York Foundling has supported hundreds of thousands of our neighbors on their own paths to stability, strength, and independence.