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Discrimination

√ NY Agencies

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New York City Commission on Human Rights

This agency is responsible for enforcing the City’s Human Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination in housing, employment, and public accommodations based on protected categories such as race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and age. Mayor’s Management Report

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Mayor's Office for the Prevention of Hate Crimes

This office was created in 2019 to address the rise in hate crimes in the City. It works with community groups and law enforcement agencies to prevent and respond to hate crimes.

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New York City Office for Diversity and Inclusion

This office is responsible for promoting diversity and inclusion within City government and ensuring that City services are accessible to all New Yorkers, regardless of their background.

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New York City Department of Education Office of Equity and Access

This office works to eliminate bias and discrimination in the City’s public schools and to promote equity and access for all students. Mayor’s Management Report

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New York City Human Resources Administration Office of Equal Employment Opportunity

This office is responsible for ensuring that City agencies comply with federal and local laws prohibiting discrimination in employment.

√ Reports

NYC Commission on Human Rights Annual Report

The New York City Human Rights Law prohibits discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations based on race, color, religion/creed, age, national origin, immigration or citizenship status, gender (including sexual harassment), gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, pregnancy, marital status, and partnership status. Interns, whether paid or not, are considered employees under the Law.

NYPD Hate Crimes Reports

Hate Crimes are offenses that are motivated in whole or substantial part by a person’s, a group’s or a place’s identification with a particular race, religion, ethnicity, gender, age, disability, ancestry, national origin or sexual orientation.

NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board Annual Reports

The New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board is an independent agency that is empowered to receive, investigate, prosecute, mediate, hear, make findings, and recommend action on civilian complaints filed against members of the New York City Police Department.

Black New Yorkers on Their Experiences With Anti-Black Racism

This project represents an effort on the part of the Commission return to the work of challenging anti-Black racism, work that was central to its founding. Our aim is to examine the role that anti-Black racism has played in our City and the way it continues to manifest in the five boroughs.

DISPARITY REPORT UPDATE 2021

Consistent and substantial racial disparity remains across all 28 indicators. Black and Hispanic youth are consistently more likely to experience negative outcomes than their White and Asian peers.

NYC Commission on Human Rights Annual Report

The New York City Human Rights Law prohibits discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations based on race, color, religion/creed, age, national origin, immigration or citizenship status, gender (including sexual harassment), gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, pregnancy, marital status, and partnership status. Interns, whether paid or not, are considered employees under the Law.

NYPD Hate Crimes Reports

Hate Crimes are offenses that are motivated in whole or substantial part by a person’s, a group’s or a place’s identification with a particular race, religion, ethnicity, gender, age, disability, ancestry, national origin or sexual orientation.

NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board Annual Reports

The New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board is an independent agency that is empowered to receive, investigate, prosecute, mediate, hear, make findings, and recommend action on civilian complaints filed against members of the New York City Police Department.

Black New Yorkers on Their Experiences With Anti-Black Racism

This project represents an effort on the part of the Commission return to the work of challenging anti-Black racism, work that was central to its founding. Our aim is to examine the role that anti-Black racism has played in our City and the way it continues to manifest in the five boroughs.

√ Data sets

Hate Crime Statistics - NYPD

The New York Police Department (NYPD) collects and publishes data on hate crimes in New York City. The data includes information on the number and types of hate crimes, as well as demographic information about the victims and suspects.

Stop, Question and Frisk Data - NYPD

The NYPD collects and publishes data on its stop-and-frisk program, which has been criticized for targeting Black and Latinx individuals disproportionately. The data includes information on the number and demographics of people stopped, as well as the reasons for the stops.

Housing Discrimination Complaints - CHR

The New York City Commission on Human Rights collects data on housing discrimination complaints filed with the agency. The data includes information on the types of discrimination alleged, as well as demographic information about the complainants.

School Demographic Data - DOE

The New York City Department of Education collects and publishes data on the demographics of students in the city’s public schools. The data includes information on the racial and ethnic composition of schools, as well as the percentage of students who receive free or reduced-price lunch.

√ Data visualizations

School Diversity Map

The School Diversity Map is an interactive data visualization tool created by the Center for New York City Affairs at The New School that maps the racial and ethnic composition of New York City public schools. The tool allows users to explore the data by school district and demographic information about the student population.

"Bias in the Criminal Justice System"

“Bias in the Criminal Justice System” by the Vera Institute of Justice. This visualization shows the disparities in the way that people of different races are treated by the criminal justice system in New York City.

Stark Disparities in Employment and Wages for Black New Yorkers

Center for an Urban Future: This analysis examines disparities in employment and wages experienced by Black residents of New York City, finding widespread underrepresentation and alarming wage gaps across dozens of industries.

Source of income (SOI) discrimination

Source of income (SOI) discrimination is one of the most commmon forms of illegal housing bias in New York City. When tenants with rental assistance vouchers inquire about a listing, landlords and brokers unlawfully deny or ignore them.

Spatial Equity NYC

Spatial Equity NYC document inequities in the ways that public space — including streets, sidewalks, and greenspaces – is designed, distributed, and accessed.

√ STATISTICS

Hate crime arrests

2022, NYPD

CCRB COMPLAINTS

2022

Hate Crimes

According to the New York City Police Department (NYPD), there were 607 hate crimes reported in New York City in 2022 and 302 arrests. The most common type of hate crime in New York City in 2022 was anti-Semitic, followed by anti-Asian hate crimes. Source: NYPD.

Use of Force
There were 3,698 complaints to the City Civilian Complaint Review Board in New York City in 2022 compared to 3,393 complaints received in 2021. Source: New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB)
discrimination

A report from the NYC Commission on Human Rights, 71% of Muslim, Arab, South Asian, Jewish, and Sikh New Yorkers don’t report discrimination when it happens. Source: NYC Commission on Human Rights

Hate crime arrests

2022, NYPD

CCRB COMPLAINTS

2022

Hate Crimes

According to the New York City Police Department (NYPD), there were 607 hate crimes reported in New York City in 2022 and 302 arrests. The most common type of hate crime in New York City in 2022 was anti-Semitic, followed by anti-Asian hate crimes. Source: NYPD.

Use of Force
There were 3,698 complaints to the City Civilian Complaint Review Board in New York City in 2022 compared to 3,393 complaints received in 2021. Source: New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB)
discrimination

A report from the NYC Commission on Human Rights, 71% of Muslim, Arab, South Asian, Jewish, and Sikh New Yorkers don’t report discrimination when it happens. Source: NYC Commission on Human Rights

√ Census & American Community Survey

Age
Diabetes prevalence increases with age, so data on the age distribution of the population can be used to estimate the burden of diabetes in a given area. The Census and ACS both collect data on age.
Health insurance coverage
Lack of health insurance is a barrier to diabetes management, as people without insurance may be less likely to receive regular medical care and diabetes-related services. The ACS collects data on health insurance coverage.
Age
Diabetes prevalence increases with age, so data on the age distribution of the population can be used to estimate the burden of diabetes in a given area. The Census and ACS both collect data on age.
Health insurance coverage
Lack of health insurance is a barrier to diabetes management, as people without insurance may be less likely to receive regular medical care and diabetes-related services. The ACS collects data on health insurance coverage.

√ Non-Profits

The Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
ADL is an international organization dedicated to fighting anti-Semitism and hate of all kinds. The New York City chapter works to combat hate crimes and hate speech, and promote diversity and inclusion.
The New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU)
NYCLU is a non-profit organization that works to defend and promote civil liberties and civil rights in New York City. They work on issues such as racial and gender equality, police reform, and immigrant rights.
The Center for Anti-Violence Education (CAE)
CAE is a non-profit organization that works to prevent violence through education and empowerment. They offer self-defense and violence prevention classes, as well as training for educators and community organizations.
The Sikh Coalition
The Sikh Coalition is a non-profit organization that works to defend Sikh civil rights and promote understanding and tolerance of the Sikh religion. They work on issues such as hate crimes, workplace discrimination, and school bullying.
The Urban Justice Center
The Urban Justice Center is a non-profit organization that provides legal representation and advocacy to marginalized communities in New York City. They work on issues such as housing discrimination, police brutality, and workers’ rights.

√ Experts

Sherrilyn Ifill - Howard University
Sherrilyn Ifill is the Inaugural Vernon Jordan Endowed Chair in Civil Rights at Howard Law School. Previously she was the President and Director-Counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. She is a leading expert on voting rights, police reform, and racial justice.
Kimberlé W. Crenshaw - Columbia Law School
Kimberlé Crenshaw is a law professor at Columbia University and a leading scholar on intersectionality, the study of how different forms of discrimination intersect and compound to create unique experiences of oppression.
Nicole P. Marwell - CUNY
Nicole P. Marwell is a sociologist and associate professor at the University of Chicago. Previously she worked at the City University of New York (CUNY). She has conducted extensive research on poverty, inequality, and the role of nonprofit organizations in addressing social problems.
Deborah N. Archer - NYU
Deborah N. Archer is Associate Dean for Experiential Education and Clinical Programs AT NYU Law School. She is professor of clinical law, and faculty director of the Community Equity Lab. Deborah is also the president of the American Civil Liberties Union and a leading expert in civil rights, civil liberties, and racial justice.
Cathy O'Neil - data scientist
Cathy O’Neil is a data scientist and author of the book “Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Puts Us All at Risk.” She is an expert on the ways in which algorithms can be biased and how to mitigate this bias.

√ Journal Articles

"Social vulnerabilities and reported discrimination in health care among HIV-positive medical case management clients in New York City"
“Social vulnerabilities and reported discrimination in health care among HIV-positive medical case management clients in New York City.” Katherine Penrose, McKaylee Robertson, Denis Nashet al. 2020 Stigma and Health. Among individuals who reported discrimination in health care, those who cited HIV status or substance use as reasons for discrimination were significantly more likely to report a higher number of social vulnerabilities.
"Navigating stigma in neighborhoods and public spaces among transgender and nonbinary adults in New York City"
“Navigating stigma in neighborhoods and public spaces among transgender and nonbinary adults in New York City” Lampe, T. et al. (2020). Stigma and Health. Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals face high rates of structural and interpersonal stigma in public spaces.
"Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation and Gentrification in New York City"
“Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation and Gentrification in New York City” Frontiers in Physics. Racial residential segregation is interconnected with several other phenomena such as income inequalities, property values inequalities, and racial disparities in health and education.
"Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in the Labor Market for Child Care Teachers"
“Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in the Labor Market for Child Care Teachers,” Casey Boyd-Swan and Chris M. Herbst. This article examines racial and ethnic discrimination in the child care teacher hiring process.

√ Key Issues

Police Brutality and Racial Profiling
There have been several high-profile cases of police brutality and racial profiling in New York City, particularly in communities of color. The deaths of Eric Garner, Sean Bell, and Amadou Diallo at the hands of police officers have sparked protests and calls for police reform.
Housing Discrimination
Housing discrimination remains a major issue in New York City, particularly for people of color and low-income communities. Discrimination in housing includes practices such as redlining, where certain neighborhoods are excluded from investment and services, and the use of discriminatory screening criteria by landlords.
Hate Crimes
Hate crimes targeting minority communities have been on the rise in New York City. In particular, there has been an increase in anti-Semitic hate crimes in recent years.
Workplace Discrimination
Discrimination in the workplace, including wage discrimination, harassment, and discriminatory hiring practices, is a pervasive problem in New York City. Women, people of color, and LGBTQ individuals are particularly vulnerable to discrimination.
Educational Segregation
New York City’s public school system is one of the most segregated in the country. Students of color and low-income students are disproportionately concentrated in schools with fewer resources and lower academic outcomes.

√ Social Media Accounts

NYCLU

@NYCLU – The New York Civil Liberties Union is a nonprofit organization that works to protect and promote civil liberties and civil rights for all New Yorkers. They frequently post updates on social media related to issues of discrimination, bias, and inequality in New York City.

HousingRightsNY

@HousingRightsNY – Housing Rights Initiative is a nonprofit organization that works to protect and promote affordable housing and tenant rights in New York City. They use their social media accounts to raise awareness about discrimination in the housing market and advocate for policies that promote fair housing practices.

ALIGNny

@ALIGNny – ALIGN is a nonprofit organization that works to build coalitions and advocate for policies that promote social and economic justice in New York City. They often post updates on social media related to issues of discrimination and bias in the workplace and in other areas of civic life.

StreetwiseNYC

@StreetwiseNYC – Streetwise and Safe is a nonprofit organization that works to empower and advocate for LGBTQ youth of color who are impacted by discriminatory policing practices in New York City. They often use their social media accounts to share stories and resources related to discrimination and bias in the criminal justice system.

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