Topic
Floods
√ NY Agencies
The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)
The DEP is responsible for managing the city’s water supply, wastewater, and stormwater systems. They work to reduce the risk of flooding by maintaining the city’s drainage infrastructure, monitoring weather conditions, and implementing flood protection measures. Mayor’s Management Report
The New York City Department of Buildings (DOB)
The DOB enforces building codes and regulations to ensure the safety of buildings and structures in the city. They work to prevent flooding by ensuring that buildings are constructed to withstand potential flood events and by regulating the placement of flood barriers and other protective measures. Mayor’s Management Report
New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC)
NYC’s independent advisory body that synthesizes scientific information on climate change to inform City policy. The NPCC started in 2009 and was codified in Local Law 42 of 2012 with a mandate to provide an authoritative and actionable source of scientific information on future climate change and its potential impacts.
The New York City Office of Emergency Management (NYCEM)
The NYCEM is responsible for coordinating the city’s emergency response efforts during disasters and emergencies, including floods. They work to prepare the city for potential flood events by developing emergency plans, conducting training exercises, and educating the public on how to stay safe during floods. Mayor’s Management Report
The New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
The department manages the city’s parks and open spaces, many of which are located in flood-prone areas. They work to prevent flooding by implementing green infrastructure solutions, such as bioswales and rain gardens, that absorb stormwater and reduce runoff. Mayor’s Management Report
The New York City Department of Transportation (DOT)
The DOT is responsible for managing the city’s streets and transportation infrastructure. They work to prevent flooding by maintaining drainage systems and implementing flood protection measures on streets and highways. Mayor’s Management Report
√ Reports
Designing for Flood Risk
The New York City Department of City Planning (DCP) is examining strategies for making buildings more resilient to the effects of
climate change, in particular flooding. As part of this work, DCP has undertaken this study of the urban design implications of building-scale flood protection standards on neighborhoods within coastal areas.
climate change, in particular flooding. As part of this work, DCP has undertaken this study of the urban design implications of building-scale flood protection standards on neighborhoods within coastal areas.
Zoning for Coastal Flood Resiliency
Zoning for Coastal Flood Resiliency would improve homeowners’ and business owners’ ability to withstand and recover from future storms and other disaster events. It builds on years of collaboration with floodplain communities to support post-disaster recovery and promote long-term resiliency.
Increasing Stormwater Resilience
The DEP’s 2022 report, “Increasing Stormwater Resilience in the Face of Climate Change,” explains how to make the city resilient to storms through an approach that combines traditional sewers and green infrastructure.
New York City Emergency Management - Flooding
Floods account for more than $1 billion in property losses in the United States each year. Everyone is susceptible to flood damage, whether from storms, water main breaks, or sewer backups. This site has resources for NYC home and business owners.
NYC Hazard Mitigation Plan - Flooding
The NYC Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) identifies natural hazard risks and vulnerabilities that are common to New York City. After identifying these risks, the HMP develops long-term strategies for reducing those risks and vulnerabilities.
AdaptNYC
AdaptNYC identifies the Climate Change Hazards that pose the greatest threats; the populations and neighborhoods that are most at risk; and the resiliency and adaptation measures the city is taking to protect residents, property, and infrastructure.
Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery Plan
The programs outlined in this Action Plan describe how New York City will use its CDBG-DR allocations to support recovery from Hurricane Sandy and to build resiliency to the challenges of climate change.
Ten Years After Sandy Barriers to Resilience
Superstorm Sandy laid bare the vulnerabilities of New York City’s coastal communities and infrastructure. The storm resulted in the deaths of 43 city residents and caused damages estimated at $19 billion. This report analyzes progress on resiliency capital spending to date. The report goes on to provide a snapshot of the property values, land uses, and essential infrastructure in the coastal floodplain, illustrating the range of critical assets at risk.
Preventing Another Ida
During Hurricane Ida, extreme rain, unlicensed apartments, and underlying socioeconomic conditions resulted in death and disaster in central Queens. These strategies can help prevent that from happening again.
Retrofitting Buildings for Flood Risk
In 2014 the Department of City Planning released Retrofitting Buildings for Flood Risk, the most comprehensive analysis of retrofit options available for buildings in the New York City floodplain to date.
Designing for Flood Risk
The New York City Department of City Planning (DCP) is examining strategies for making buildings more resilient to the effects of climate change, in particular flooding. As part of this work, DCP has undertaken this study of the urban design implications of building-scale flood protection standards on neighborhoods within coastal areas.
Zoning for Coastal Flood Resiliency
Zoning for Coastal Flood Resiliency would improve homeowners’ and business owners’ ability to withstand and recover from future storms and other disaster events. It builds on years of collaboration with floodplain communities to support post-disaster recovery and promote long-term resiliency.
Increasing Stormwater Resilience
The DEP’s 2022 report, “Increasing Stormwater Resilience in the Face of Climate Change,” explains how to make the city resilient to storms through an approach that combines traditional sewers and green infrastructure.
Ten Years After Sandy Barriers to Resilience
Superstorm Sandy laid bare the vulnerabilities of New York City’s coastal communities and infrastructure. The storm resulted in the deaths of 43 city residents and caused damages estimated at $19 billion. This report analyzes progress on resiliency capital spending to date. The report goes on to provide a snapshot of the property values, land uses, and essential infrastructure in the coastal floodplain, illustrating the range of critical assets at risk.
NYC Hazard Mitigation Plan - Flooding
The NYC Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) identifies natural hazard risks and vulnerabilities that are common to New York City. After identifying these risks, the HMP develops long-term strategies for reducing those risks and vulnerabilities.
New York City Emergency Management - Flooding
Floods account for more than $1 billion in property losses in the United States each year. Everyone is susceptible to flood damage, whether from storms, water main breaks, or sewer backups. This site has resources for NYC home and business owners.
AdaptNYC
AdaptNYC identifies the Climate Change Hazards that pose the greatest threats; the populations and neighborhoods that are most at risk; and the resiliency and adaptation measures the city is taking to protect residents, property, and infrastructure.
Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery Plan
The programs outlined in this Action Plan describe how New York City will use its CDBG-DR allocations to support recovery from Hurricane Sandy and to build resiliency to the challenges of climate change.
Preventing Another Ida
During Hurricane Ida, extreme rain, unlicensed apartments, and underlying socioeconomic conditions resulted in death and disaster in central Queens. These strategies can help prevent that from happening again.
√ Data sets
Street Flooding - NYC Open Data
All 311 Service Requests from 2010 to present. This information is automatically updated daily.
New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS)
SPARCS is a comprehensive data reporting system that collects and analyzes data on hospital discharges, emergency department visits, and ambulatory surgery procedures in New York State. It includes data on diabetes-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits in New York City.
Flood Risks in nYC - information Brieft
NYC Planning provides basic overview statistics on the flood risk in the city.
√ Data visualizations
NYC Flood Hazard Mapper
A product of the New York City Department of City Planning, the NYC Flood Hazard Mapper provides a comprehensive overview of the coastal flood hazards that threaten the city today, as well as how these flood hazards are likely to increase in the future.
FEMA Flood Maps
Floods are unpredictable. Because flood risk is always changing, communities use tools to understand their risk and take actions to protect their families, homes and businesses.
New York City Stormwater Flood Maps
To help New Yorkers understand and prepare for this risk, the City has created three rainfall-based flooding maps.
NYC FloodNet
In addition to the sensor network, FloodNet also provides a free, mobile-friendly web dashboard that allows New York City residents and other stakeholders to monitor and react to flood threats in real time.
Who lives in the NYC Flood Plain?
This report claims the number of New Yorkers who are highly vulnerable to increased coastal storms is even higher than New York City has accounted for. It found that 14 percent of New Yorkers – 1.3 million people – live within or adjacent to the 100-year floodplain. The report includes maps of each borough combining flood plain information with median income.
NYC Green Infrastructure Program initiatives.
Green infrastructure (GI) collects stormwater from streets, sidewalks, and other hard surfaces before it can enter the sewer system or cause local flooding. The GI practice data contained in this dataset includes the location, program area, status, and type of GI.
√ STATISTICS
Buildings in the 1% Floodplain
NYC Planning
Sandy NYC Fatalities
NYC
NYC waterfront length
Miles, NYC Planning
NYC Waterfront Length
At 520 miles, New York City’s wa-
terfront is the longest and most diverse of any city in the United States. Source: NYC Planning
terfront is the longest and most diverse of any city in the United States. Source: NYC Planning
Buildings Vulnerable to Floods
There are nearly 71,500 buildings, 532 million square feet of interior space, and 400,000 residents located within the city’s 1% annual chance floodplain, as defined in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) 2013 Preliminary Flood Insurance Rate Maps (PFIRMs). Source: NYC Planning
Sea Levels
The New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC), a group of climate scientists and risk management experts first convened by Mayor Bloomberg in 2008, projects that the city’s sea levels could rise by more than two feet by the 2050s. Source: NYC Planning
Hurricane Sandy Impact
The storm resulted in the deaths of 44 City residents and inflicted an estimated $19 billion in damages and lost economic activity across the New York City. Most significantly, over 69,000 residential units were damaged, and thousands of New Yorkers were temporarily displaced. Source: NYC Community Block Grant Disaster Recovery
Buildings in the 1% Floodplain
NYC Planning
Sandy NYC Fatalities
NYC
NYC waterfront length
Miles, NYC Planning
NYC Waterfront
At 520 miles, New York City’s wa-
terfront is the longest and most diverse of any city in the United States. Source: NYC Planning
terfront is the longest and most diverse of any city in the United States. Source: NYC Planning
Buildings Vulnerable to Floods
There are nearly 71,500 buildings, 532 million square feet of interior space, and 400,000 residents located within the city’s 1% annual chance floodplain, as defined in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) 2013 Preliminary Flood Insurance Rate Maps (PFIRMs). Source: NYC Planning
Sea Levels
The New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC), a group of climate scientists and risk management experts first convened by Mayor Bloomberg in 2008, projects that the city’s sea levels could rise by more than two feet by the 2050s. Source: NYC Planning
Hurricane Sandy Impact
The storm resulted in the deaths of 44 City residents and inflicted an estimated $19 billion in damages and lost economic activity across the New York City. Most significantly, over 69,000 residential units were damaged, and thousands of New Yorkers were temporarily displaced. Source: NYC Community Block Grant Disaster Recovery
√ Census & American Community Survey
Housing and population density
The Census and ACS collect data on the number of housing units and people living in different areas of New York City, which can help to identify areas that are particularly vulnerable to flooding.
Income and poverty
The Census and ACS collect data on income and poverty levels in different neighborhoods throughout New York City, which can help to identify areas where residents may be particularly vulnerable to the economic impacts of flooding.
Language spoken at home
The Census and ACS collect data on the languages spoken at home by residents of different neighborhoods throughout New York City, which can help to identify areas where non-English speaking residents may be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of flooding.
Age and disability status
The Census and ACS collect data on the age and disability status of residents throughout New York City, which can help to identify areas where vulnerable populations may be particularly impacted by flooding.
Race and ethnicity
The Census and ACS collect data on the race and ethnicity of residents throughout New York City, which can help to identify areas where minority populations may be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of flooding.
Housing and population density
The Census and ACS collect data on the number of housing units and people living in different areas of New York City, which can help to identify areas that are particularly vulnerable to flooding.
Income and poverty
The Census and ACS collect data on income and poverty levels in different neighborhoods throughout New York City, which can help to identify areas where residents may be particularly vulnerable to the economic impacts of flooding.
Language spoken at home
The Census and ACS collect data on the languages spoken at home by residents of different neighborhoods throughout New York City, which can help to identify areas where non-English speaking residents may be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of flooding.
Age and disability status
The Census and ACS collect data on the age and disability status of residents throughout New York City, which can help to identify areas where vulnerable populations may be particularly impacted by flooding.
Race and ethnicity
The Census and ACS collect data on the race and ethnicity of residents throughout New York City, which can help to identify areas where minority populations may be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of flooding.
√ Non-Profits
The Waterfront Alliance
The Waterfront Alliance is a non-profit organization that works to protect and improve the waterfront in the New York City area. They focus on a range of issues related to flooding, including sea level rise, storm surge, and shoreline erosion.
The New York City Environmental Justice Alliance (NYC-EJA)
NYC-EJA is a coalition of community-based organizations that work to address environmental justice issues in low-income and communities of color. They focus on issues related to flooding, including the impact of flooding on public health and the need for community-based solutions to flooding.
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)
The NRDC is a national environmental organization that works on a range of issues related to sustainability and environmental protection. They have an office in New York City that works on issues related to flooding, including advocating for stronger flood protections and promoting green infrastructure solutions.
The Brooklyn Greenway Initiative
The Brooklyn Greenway Initiative is a non-profit organization that is working to create a 14-mile greenway along the Brooklyn waterfront. They are incorporating green infrastructure solutions, such as bioswales and rain gardens, into their design to help mitigate flooding along the waterfront.
The Gowanus Canal Conservancy
The Gowanus Canal Conservancy is a non-profit organization that is working to improve the health of the Gowanus Canal, a polluted waterway in Brooklyn. They are incorporating green infrastructure solutions, such as bioswales and rain gardens, into their work to help mitigate flooding in the surrounding neighborhoods.
The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES)
C2ES is a non-partisan, independent think tank that works on issues related to climate change and energy policy. They have a New York City office that focuses on issues related to climate adaptation, including flooding and sea level rise.
The Regional Plan Association (RPA)
RPA is an urban research and advocacy organization that works to improve the economic competitiveness, sustainability, and quality of life in the New York metropolitan region. They have published reports and recommendations on flood mitigation strategies and climate resilience in the region.
√ Experts
Radley Horton - Columbia university
Radley Horton is a climate scientist and an associate research professor at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. He has conducted extensive research on the impacts of climate change on cities, including New York City, and is an expert on the intersection of climate science and policy.
Joyce Klein Rosenthal
Joyce Klein Rosenthal is an urban planner and a professor. She has conducted research on the impacts of flooding on urban communities and has worked with local organizations and government agencies to develop strategies for building resilience in the face of climate change.
Philip Orton - Stevens Institute of Technology
Philip Orton is a research professor at Stevens Institute of Technology and an expert on storm surge modeling and coastal flooding. He has conducted research on the impacts of climate change on the New York metropolitan region and has worked with local government agencies to develop strategies for mitigating the impacts of flooding.
Cynthia Rosenzweig - NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Cynthia Rosenzweig is a senior research scientist at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies and a professor at Columbia University. She has conducted extensive research on the impacts of climate change on cities, including New York City, and is an expert on urban resilience.
Klaus Jacob - Columbia university
Klaus Jacob is a geophysicist and research scientist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. He has been studying the potential impact of sea level rise on New York City for over a decade and has been a leading voice on the need for the city to prepare for future flooding.
Eddie Bautista - New York City Environmental Justice Alliance
Eddie Bautista is an award-winning organizer, planner, strategist and non-profit leader. Since 2010, Eddie has served as the Executive Director of the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance (NYC-EJA), a network of community-based organizations of color advocating for the empowerment of environmentally overburdened neighborhoods.
√ Journal Articles
"Physically based assessment of hurricane surge threat under climate change"
Storm surges are responsible for much of the damage and loss of life associated with landfalling hurricanes. This report shows that the change of storm climatology will probably increase the surge risk for NYC
"Redesigning Flood Insurance"
Insurance and government assistance play central roles in ensuring economic and social resilience in the aftermath of catastrophes in developed countries. The cumulative expected exposure of the U.S. government to catastrophes over the next 75 years could reach $7 trillion.
"Impact of climate change on New York City’s coastal flood hazard"
The flood hazard in New York City depends on both storm surges and rising sea levels. This study combines modeled storm surges with probabilistic sea-level rise projections to assess future coastal inundation in New York City from the preindustrial era through 2300 CE.
"Unique Vulnerability of the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Area to Hurricane Destruction"
Hurricanes making landfall in the New York—New Jersey Metropolitan Area (NYNJMA) are infrequent, but their effects are considerably greater than those of similar Saffir—Simpson categories in the South. A review of historical hurricane landfalls in the NYNJMA shows how they greatly amplify the damage from hurricane winds, storm surge, and freshwater flooding.
"A Three-Legged Stool on Two Legs"
Recent federal law related to local climate resilience planning and zoning.
√ Key Issues
Climate change
Rising sea levels and more frequent and severe storms associated with climate change are exacerbating the risk of flooding in New York City. Addressing climate change through reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing resilience measures is crucial to mitigate the impacts of flooding.
Aging infrastructure
Much of the infrastructure in New York City, including its water and sewer systems, is aging and in need of repair and upgrade. This puts the city at greater risk of flooding, especially during extreme weather events.
Equity
Low-income and communities of color are disproportionately impacted by flooding in New York City. These communities often have fewer resources to prepare for and recover from flooding, and may be more vulnerable to displacement as a result.
Insurance
Flood insurance can be expensive and difficult to obtain in New York City, particularly for low-income households. This can leave many residents without adequate protection against the financial impacts of flooding.
Land use
Land use decisions, such as building in flood-prone areas or paving over green spaces, can increase the risk of flooding in New York City. Policies that prioritize sustainable development and the preservation of natural flood control mechanisms can help reduce the risk of flooding in the future.
√ Social Media Accounts
NYC Water
Twitter account for NYC Environmental Protection
NYClimate
This is the official Twitter account of the New York City Mayor’s Office of Climate and Sustainability, which provides updates on climate change and sustainability initiatives in the city, including those related to flooding.
nycemergencymgt
The official Twitter account of the New York City Emergency Management, which provides updates on emergency preparedness and response, including for flooding events.
RegionalPlan
Regional Plan Association is an urban research and advocacy organization focusing on improving the New York metropolitan region’s economic health, environmental sustainability, and quality of life, which includes addressing flooding risks.
WaterfrontAlliance
The Waterfront Alliance works on issues related to the waterfront and resilience against flooding.
NYCEJA
This is a Facebook page of New York City Environmental Justice Alliance (NYC-EJA). This network advocates for environmental justice, including flood resilience in marginalized communities.
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